Nipah Alert: Two Nurses Show Symptoms At Kolkata Hospital

Nipah: A Silent Threat

The Nipah virus, first identified in 1999 in Malaysia, has remained a persistent concern for public health officials across South Asia. Unlike many respiratory illnesses that spread easily through droplets, Nipah can be transmitted through close contact with infected animals or people, making it especially dangerous in hospital settings. The disease is known for its high fatality rate and the severe neurological and respiratory complications it can trigger. In India, outbreaks have repeatedly highlighted the need for swift detection and robust containment measures.

The Incident in Kolkata

Earlier this week, two nurses at a major tertiary care centre in Kolkata developed symptoms that raised immediate alarms among the hospital’s infection control team. Both staff members had been on duty during the night shift when they began experiencing fever, headache, and a sudden loss of appetite. Their clinical presentation matched the early signs of Nipah infection, prompting an urgent assessment by the hospital’s virology department.

Symptoms and Early Signs

Initial stages of Nipah infection can mimic common flu-like illnesses. Fever, headache, and malaise are typical, followed by a rapid decline that may include vomiting, seizures, or respiratory distress. In the early phase, the lack of distinctive markers makes it challenging to distinguish Nipah from other viral infections without laboratory confirmation. The nurses’ quick reporting of symptoms and immediate isolation of the patients were critical steps in preventing further spread.

Hospital Response and Protocols

Once the possibility of Nipah was considered, the hospital activated its outbreak management plan. Isolation rooms were prepared, and all patients who had shared the same ward were notified and screened. The virology lab performed real‑time PCR testing, the gold standard for diagnosing Nipah. The nurses were transferred to a dedicated isolation ward and received antiviral therapy as per the latest guidelines from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Protective gear, including full-body suits and N95 masks, was issued to all staff involved in their care.

Safety Measures for Healthcare Workers

In settings where Nipah is a threat, routine use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential. Hand hygiene, proper donning and doffing of gowns, gloves, and masks, and strict adherence to isolation protocols reduce the risk of transmission. Staff training on the identification of early symptoms and the importance of reporting any suspicious signs can save lives. Hospitals are encouraged to maintain a stockpile of antiviral drugs and to conduct regular drills that simulate outbreak scenarios.

What the Public Should Know

While the two nurses have been placed under observation, no community spread has been detected. The government’s health department has issued a notice advising the public to remain vigilant. Individuals who have recently been in close contact with the nurses or have visited the same facility should seek medical attention if they develop a fever or any neurological symptoms. Public awareness campaigns and clear communication from health authorities help prevent panic and ensure that early symptoms are not ignored.

Looking Ahead: Prevention and Preparedness

India’s experience with Nipah has shown that early detection and rapid response are the most effective tools against outbreaks. Strengthening laboratory capacity, expanding surveillance networks, and ensuring that healthcare facilities have the necessary resources for isolation and treatment will continue to be priorities. For the nursing community, ongoing education about infection control practices remains a cornerstone of patient safety.